IPAC2014 - List of Authors (Meddahi, M.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPRO031	Abort Gap Cleaning for LHC Run 2	138
	J.A. Uythoven, A. Boccardi, E. Bravin, B. Goddard, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	To minimize the beam losses at the moment of an LHC beam dump the 3 μs long abort gap should contain as few particles as possible. Its population can be minimised by abort gap cleaning using the LHC transverse damper system. The LHC Run 1 experience is briefly recalled; changes foreseen for the LHC Run 2 are presented. They include improvements in the observation of the abort gap population and the mechanism to decide if cleaning is required, changes to the hardware of the transverse dampers to reduce the detrimental effect on the luminosity lifetime and proposed changes to the applied cleaning algorithms.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO031
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MOPRI005	The AWAKE Experimental Facility at CERN	582
	E. Gschwendtner, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, S. Cipiccia, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, C. Heßler, W. Höfle, M. Martyanov, M. Meddahi, J.A. Osborne, A. Pardons, A.V. Petrenko, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	AWAKE, an Advanced Wakefield Experiment is launched at CERN to verify the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration concept. Proton bunches at 400 GeV/c will be extracted from the CERN SPS and sent along a 750m long proton line to the plasma cell, a Rubidium vapour source, where the proton beam drives wakefields reaching accelerating gradients at the order of gigavolt per meter. A high power laser pulse will co-propagate within the proton bunch creating the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas. An electron beam will be injected into the plasma cell to probe the accelerating wakefield. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the CNGS facility. First proton beam to the plasma cell is expected by end 2016. The design of the experimental area and the integration of the new beam-lines as well as the experimental equipment will be shown. The needed modifications of the infrastructure in the facility will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI005
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MOPRI096	The New Transfer Line Collimation System for the LHC High Luminosity Era	839
	V. Kain, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, A. Mereghetti, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A set of passive absorbers is located at the end of each of the 3 km long injection lines to protect the LHC in case of failures during the extraction process from the LHC’s last pre-injector or the beam transfer itself. In case of an erroneous extraction, the absorbers have to attenuate the beam to a safe level and be robust enough themselves to survive the impact. These requirements are difficult to fulfil with the very bright and intense beams produced by the LHC injectors for the high luminosity era. This paper revisits the requirements for the SPS-to-LHC transfer line collimation system and the adapted strategy to fulfill these for the LHC high luminosity operation. A possible solution for the new transfer line collimation system is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI096
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MOPRI097	Feasibility Studies for the Extraction of both LHC Beams from CERN SPS using a Common Kicker	842
	F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron has to fulfil the demanding intensity specifications for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, with a doubling of the presently achieved operational beam intensity. One of the main problems to be addressed is given by impedance-driven beam instabilities. About 40 % of the total measured SPS impedance is due to the kickers, of which the extraction kickers in two of the SPS straight sections are the largest systems. A potential upgrade is explored which would strongly reduce the number of extraction kickers required in the SPS, by performing non-local extraction. In this scenario LHC Beam 1 would be kicked by the extraction kicker in SPS Long Straight Section 4 (LSS4), normally only used for Beam 2, to be extracted in LSS6. The concept and the expected performance of such a scheme are presented along with detailed simulation results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI097
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MOPRI098	Design Studies of the Upgraded Collimation System in the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Lines	845
	A. Mereghetti, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, B. Goddard, J. Hrivnak, V. Kain, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, G.E. Steele CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project, the collimators in the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines are presently under re-design, in order to cope with the unprecedented beam intensities and emittances required by the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Factors ruling the design phase are the robustness of the jaws on one side and, on the other side, the proton absorption and the emittance blow-up, essential for an effective protection of the equipment in the LHC injection regions and the LHC machine. In view of the new design, based on the one of the currently installed TCDI collimators and past investigations, the FLUKA Monte Carlo code is used to address these two factors. The present studies are intended to give essential feedback to the identification of viable solutions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI098
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MOPRI100	Investigations of SPS Orbit Drifts	852
	L.N. Drøsdal, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The LHC is filled from the last pre-injector, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), via two 3 km long transfer lines, TI 2 and TI 8. Over the LHC injection processes, a drift of the beam trajectories has been observed in TI 2 and TI 8, requiring regular correction of the trajectories, in order to ensure clean injection into the LHC. Investigations of the trajectory variations in the transfer lines showed that the main source of short term trajectory drifts are current variations of the SPS extraction septa (MSE). The stability of the power converters has been improved, but the variations are still present and further improvements are being investigated. The stability over a longer period of time cannot be explained by this source alone. The analysis of trajectory variations shows that there are also slow variations in the SPS closed orbit at extraction. A set of SPS orbit measurements has been saved and analysed. These observations will be used together with simulations and observed field errors to locate the second source of variations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI100
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TUPME077	The Challenge of Interfacing the Primary Beam Lines for the AWAKE Project at CERN	1534
	C. Bracco, B. Goddard, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, A.V. Petrenko CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Muggli MPI, Muenchen, Germany F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN foresees the simultaneous operation of a proton, a laser and an electron beam. The first stage of the experiment will consist in proving the self-modulation, in the plasma, of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches. The success of this experiment requires an almost perfect concentricity of the proton and laser beams, over the full length of the plasma cell. The complexity of integrating the laser into the proton beam line and fulfilling the strict requirements in terms of pointing precision of the proton beam at the plasma cell are described. The second stage of the experiment foresees also the injection of electron bunches to probe the accelerating wakefields driven by the proton beam. Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility of injecting the electron beam parallel and with an offset to the proton beam axis. This option would imply that protons and electrons will have to share the last few meters of a common beam line. Issues and possible solutions for this case are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME077
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WEPRO068	SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction	2106
	E. Gianfelice-Wendt Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA H. Bartosik, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO068
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THPME069	Performance Studies of the SPS Beam Dump System for HL-LHC Beams	3394
	F.M. Velotti, O. Aberle, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, F. Cerutti, K. Cornelis, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Kain, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, M. Meddahi, F. Pasdeloup, V. Senaj, G.E. Steele CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam dump system is a concern for the planned High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operation. The system has initially been designed for very different beam parameters compared to those which will reign after the completion of the LHC injectors upgrade, when the SPS will have to operate with unprecedented beam brightness. This paper describes the relevant operational and failure modes of the dump system together with the expected beam loading levels. Tracking studies are presented, considering both normal operation and failure scenarios, with particular attention on the location and level of proton losses. First FLUKA investigations and thermo-mechanical analysis of the high-energy absorber block are described
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME069
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THPME070	Status of the LIU Project at CERN	3397
	K. Hanke, H. Damerau, A. Deleu, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN has put in place an ambitious improvement programme to make the injector chain of the LHC capable of supplying the high intensity and high brightness beams requested by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project comprises a new Linac (Linac4) as well as major upgrades and renovations of the PSB, PS and SPS synchrotrons. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding Linac3 and LEIR to the list of accelerators concerned. This paper reports on the work completed during the first long LHC shutdown, and outlines the further upgrade path.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME070
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Paper

Title

Page

Abort Gap Cleaning for LHC Run 2

138

J.A. Uythoven, A. Boccardi, E. Bravin, B. Goddard, G.H. Hemelsoet, W. Höfle, D. Jacquet, V. Kain, S. Mazzoni, M. Meddahi, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

To minimize the beam losses at the moment of an LHC beam dump the 3 μs long abort gap should contain as few particles as possible. Its population can be minimised by abort gap cleaning using the LHC transverse damper system. The LHC Run 1 experience is briefly recalled; changes foreseen for the LHC Run 2 are presented. They include improvements in the observation of the abort gap population and the mechanism to decide if cleaning is required, changes to the hardware of the transverse dampers to reduce the detrimental effect on the luminosity lifetime and proposed changes to the applied cleaning algorithms.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO031

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MOPRI005

The AWAKE Experimental Facility at CERN

582

E. Gschwendtner, T. Bohl, C. Bracco, A.C. Butterworth, S. Cipiccia, S. Döbert, V. Fedosseev, E. Feldbaumer, C. Heßler, W. Höfle, M. Martyanov, M. Meddahi, J.A. Osborne, A. Pardons, A.V. Petrenko, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

AWAKE, an Advanced Wakefield Experiment is launched at CERN to verify the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration concept. Proton bunches at 400 GeV/c will be extracted from the CERN SPS and sent along a 750m long proton line to the plasma cell, a Rubidium vapour source, where the proton beam drives wakefields reaching accelerating gradients at the order of gigavolt per meter. A high power laser pulse will co-propagate within the proton bunch creating the plasma by ionizing the (initially) neutral gas. An electron beam will be injected into the plasma cell to probe the accelerating wakefield. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the CNGS facility. First proton beam to the plasma cell is expected by end 2016. The design of the experimental area and the integration of the new beam-lines as well as the experimental equipment will be shown. The needed modifications of the infrastructure in the facility will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI005

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MOPRI096

The New Transfer Line Collimation System for the LHC High Luminosity Era

839

V. Kain, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, A. Mereghetti, G.E. Steele, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A set of passive absorbers is located at the end of each of the 3 km long injection lines to protect the LHC in case of failures during the extraction process from the LHC’s last pre-injector or the beam transfer itself. In case of an erroneous extraction, the absorbers have to attenuate the beam to a safe level and be robust enough themselves to survive the impact. These requirements are difficult to fulfil with the very bright and intense beams produced by the LHC injectors for the high luminosity era. This paper revisits the requirements for the SPS-to-LHC transfer line collimation system and the adapted strategy to fulfill these for the LHC high luminosity operation. A possible solution for the new transfer line collimation system is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI096

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MOPRI097

Feasibility Studies for the Extraction of both LHC Beams from CERN SPS using a Common Kicker

842

F.M. Velotti, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron has to fulfil the demanding intensity specifications for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, with a doubling of the presently achieved operational beam intensity. One of the main problems to be addressed is given by impedance-driven beam instabilities. About 40 % of the total measured SPS impedance is due to the kickers, of which the extraction kickers in two of the SPS straight sections are the largest systems. A potential upgrade is explored which would strongly reduce the number of extraction kickers required in the SPS, by performing non-local extraction. In this scenario LHC Beam 1 would be kicked by the extraction kicker in SPS Long Straight Section 4 (LSS4), normally only used for Beam 2, to be extracted in LSS6. The concept and the expected performance of such a scheme are presented along with detailed simulation results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI097

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MOPRI098

Design Studies of the Upgraded Collimation System in the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Lines

845

A. Mereghetti, C. Bracco, F. Cerutti, B. Goddard, J. Hrivnak, V. Kain, F.L. Maciariello, M. Meddahi, G.E. Steele
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

In the framework of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) Project, the collimators in the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines are presently under re-design, in order to cope with the unprecedented beam intensities and emittances required by the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Factors ruling the design phase are the robustness of the jaws on one side and, on the other side, the proton absorption and the emittance blow-up, essential for an effective protection of the equipment in the LHC injection regions and the LHC machine. In view of the new design, based on the one of the currently installed TCDI collimators and past investigations, the FLUKA Monte Carlo code is used to address these two factors. The present studies are intended to give essential feedback to the identification of viable solutions.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI098

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MOPRI100

Investigations of SPS Orbit Drifts

852

L.N. Drøsdal, C. Bracco, K. Cornelis, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The LHC is filled from the last pre-injector, the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), via two 3 km long transfer lines, TI 2 and TI 8. Over the LHC injection processes, a drift of the beam trajectories has been observed in TI 2 and TI 8, requiring regular correction of the trajectories, in order to ensure clean injection into the LHC. Investigations of the trajectory variations in the transfer lines showed that the main source of short term trajectory drifts are current variations of the SPS extraction septa (MSE). The stability of the power converters has been improved, but the variations are still present and further improvements are being investigated. The stability over a longer period of time cannot be explained by this source alone. The analysis of trajectory variations shows that there are also slow variations in the SPS closed orbit at extraction. A set of SPS orbit measurements has been saved and analysed. These observations will be used together with simulations and observed field errors to locate the second source of variations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI100

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TUPME077

The Challenge of Interfacing the Primary Beam Lines for the AWAKE Project at CERN

1534

C. Bracco, B. Goddard, E. Gschwendtner, M. Meddahi, A.V. Petrenko
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Muggli
MPI, Muenchen, Germany
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN foresees the simultaneous operation of a proton, a laser and an electron beam. The first stage of the experiment will consist in proving the self-modulation, in the plasma, of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches. The success of this experiment requires an almost perfect concentricity of the proton and laser beams, over the full length of the plasma cell. The complexity of integrating the laser into the proton beam line and fulfilling the strict requirements in terms of pointing precision of the proton beam at the plasma cell are described. The second stage of the experiment foresees also the injection of electron bunches to probe the accelerating wakefields driven by the proton beam. Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility of injecting the electron beam parallel and with an offset to the proton beam axis. This option would imply that protons and electrons will have to share the last few meters of a common beam line. Issues and possible solutions for this case are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME077

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WEPRO068

SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction

2106

E. Gianfelice-Wendt
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
H. Bartosik, K. Cornelis, L.N. Drøsdal, B. Goddard, V. Kain, M. Meddahi, Y. Papaphilippou, J. Wenninger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRO068

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THPME069

Performance Studies of the SPS Beam Dump System for HL-LHC Beams

3394

F.M. Velotti, O. Aberle, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, F. Cerutti, K. Cornelis, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Kain, R. Losito, C. Maglioni, M. Meddahi, F. Pasdeloup, V. Senaj, G.E. Steele
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam dump system is a concern for the planned High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operation. The system has initially been designed for very different beam parameters compared to those which will reign after the completion of the LHC injectors upgrade, when the SPS will have to operate with unprecedented beam brightness. This paper describes the relevant operational and failure modes of the dump system together with the expected beam loading levels. Tracking studies are presented, considering both normal operation and failure scenarios, with particular attention on the location and level of proton losses. First FLUKA investigations and thermo-mechanical analysis of the high-energy absorber block are described

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME069

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THPME070

Status of the LIU Project at CERN

3397

K. Hanke, H. Damerau, A. Deleu, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, N. Gilbert, B. Goddard, E.B. Holzer, A.M. Lombardi, D. Manglunki, M. Meddahi, B. Mikulec, E.N. Shaposhnikova, M. Vretenar
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN has put in place an ambitious improvement programme to make the injector chain of the LHC capable of supplying the high intensity and high brightness beams requested by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project comprises a new Linac (Linac4) as well as major upgrades and renovations of the PSB, PS and SPS synchrotrons. The heavy ion injector chain is also included, adding Linac3 and LEIR to the list of accelerators concerned. This paper reports on the work completed during the first long LHC shutdown, and outlines the further upgrade path.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPME070

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)