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TY - CONF AU - Jing, Y.C. AU - Litvinenko, V. AU - Wang, G. ED - Petit-Jean-Genaz, Christine ED - Arduini, Gianluigi ED - Michel, Peter ED - Schaa, Volker RW TI - Model-independent Description of Shot-noise, Amplification and Saturation J2 - Proc. of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany, June 15-20, 2014 C1 - Dresden, Germany T2 - International Particle Accelerator Conference T3 - 5 LA - english AB - High-gain FEL is one of many electron-beam instabilities, which have a number of common features linking the shot noise, the amplification and the saturation. In this paper we present a new, model-independent description of the interplay between these effects and derivation of a simple formula determining the saturation and maximum attainable gain in such instabilities. Application of this model-independent formula to FEL is compared with FEL theory and simulations. We describe limitations resulting from these finding for FEL amplifiers used for seeded FELs and for Coherent electron Cooling. PB - JACoW CP - Geneva, Switzerland SP - 2949 EP - 2951 KW - FEL KW - bunching KW - electron KW - undulator KW - simulation DA - 2014/07 PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-95450-132-8 DO - 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRO039 UR - http://jacow.org/ipac2014/papers/thpro039.pdf ER -