| Paper | Title | Page |
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| MOPPR063 | Exploiting the Undesired: Beam-gas Interactions in the LHC | 927 |
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| The vacuum inside the LHC pipes has a key role in correct operation of the accelerator. The interaction of the beam with residual gas in the pipes can lead to the loss of the beam itself and damage accelerator components. Nevertheless, beam-gas interactions can be exploited to indirectly measure the gas pressure inside the beam pipe, detecting the secondaries produced. The showers generated are detected by Beam Loss Monitors, whose signals depend on the gas pressure. This technique would also allow to punctually measure the gas pressure in sections of the accelerator where vacuum gauges are not frequent, such as the arcs. The problem has been addressed by means of FLUKA simulations and the results have been benchmarked with direct measurements performed in the LHC in 2011. | ||
| THPPP006 | Radiation Damage to Electronics at the LHC | 3734 |
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Control systems installed in LHC underground areas using COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) components are all affected by the risk of ‘Single Event Effects.’ In the LHC tunnel, in addition, cumulative dose effects have also to be considered. While for the tunnel equipment certain radiation tolerant design criteria were already taken into account during the LHC construction phase, most of the equipment placed in adjacent and partly shielded areas was not conceived nor tested for their current radiation environment. Given the large amount of electronics being installed in these areas, a CERN wide project called R2E (Radiation To Electronics) has been initiated to quantify the risk of radiation-induced failures and to mitigate the risk for nominal beams and beyond to below one failure a week. This paper summarizes the analysis and mitigation approach chosen for the LHC, presents the encountered difficulties and the obtained experience in the following aspects: radiation fields & related calculations, monitoring and benchmarking; commercial equipment/systems and their use in the LHC radiation fields; radiation tests with dedicated test areas and facilities*.
* Work presented on behalf of the CERN ’Radiation to Electronics (R2E) Mitigation Project’ and the ‘Radiation Working Group (RadWG)’ |
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