FEL2019 - List of Authors (Schlarb, H.)

Paper	Title	Page
WEB04	Few-Femtosecond Facility-Wide Synchronization of the European XFEL	318
	S. Schulz, M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, M. Fenner, C. Gerth, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, B. Lautenschlager, F. Ludwig, U. Mavrič, J. Müller, S. Pfeiffer, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The first facility-wide evaluation of the optical synchronization system at the European XFEL resulted in excellent arrival time stability of the electron bunches at the end of the 2 km long linac, being measured with two individual adjacent femtosecond-resolution bunch arrival time monitors. While each of the monitors is independently linked by a stabilized optical fiber to a master laser oscillator, with one being installed in the injector area and one in the experimental hall, these two reference lasers are tightly synchronized through another few-km long fiber link. Thus, not only the accelerator performance is being benchmarked, but equally the optical synchronization infrastructure itself. Stability on this level can only be achieved by locking the RF for cavity field control to the optical reference and requires an unprecedented synchronization of the master laser oscillator to the main RF oscillator, enabled by a novel RF/optical phase detector. Finally, with the seeders of the experiment’s optical lasers synchronized to the master laser oscillator, first experiments at two independent scientific instruments proved an X-ray/optical timing jitter of few tens of femtoseconds.
	Slides WEB04 [22.142 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEB04
About •	paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP007	Usage of the MicroTCA.4 Electronics Platform for Femtosecond Synchronization Systems	332
	M. Felber, E.P. Felber, M. Fenner, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, J. Müller, K.P. Przygoda, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At the European XFEL and FLASH at DESY optical synchronization systems are installed providing sub-10 femtosecond electron bunch arrival time stability and laser oscillator synchronization to carry out time-resolved pump-probe experiments with high precision. The synchronization system supplies critical RF stations with short- and long-term phase-stable reference signals for precise RF field detection and control while bunch arrival times are processed in beam-based feedbacks to further time-stabilize the FEL pulses. Experimental lasers are tightly locked to the optical reference using balanced optical cross-correlation. In this paper, we describe the electronic hardware for supervision and real-time control of the optical synchronization system. It comprises various MicroTCA.4 modules including fast digitizers, FPGA processor boards, and drivers for piezos and stepper-motors. Advantages of the system are the high-level of integration, state-of-the-art performance, flexibility, and remote maintainability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP007
About •	paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP010	Femtosecond Laser-to-RF Synchronization and RF Reference Distribution at the European XFEL	343
	T. Lamb, M. Felber, T. Kozak, J. Müller, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At the European XFEL, optical pulses from a mode-locked laser are distributed in an optical fiber network providing femtosecond stability throughout the accelerator facility. Due to the large number of RF reference clients and because of the expected higher reliability, the 1.3 GHz RF reference signals are distributed by a conventional coaxial RF distribution system. However, the provided ultra-low phase noise 1.3 GHz RF reference signals may drift over time. To remove these drifts, an optical reference module (REFM-OPT) has been developed to detect and correct environmentally induced phase errors of the RF reference. It uses a femtosecond long-term stable laser-to-RF phase detector, based on an integrated Mach-Zehnder amplitude modulator (MZM), to measure and resynchronize the RF phase with respect to the laser pulses from the optical synchronization system with high accuracy. Currently nine REFM-OPTs are permanently operated at the European XFEL, delivering femtosecond stable RF reference signals for critical accelerating field control stations. The operation experience will be reported together with a detailed evaluation of the REFM-OPT performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP010
About •	paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP011	Longitudinal Intra-Train Beam-Based Feedback at FLASH	346
	S. Pfeiffer, Ł. Butkowski, M.K. Czwalinna, B. Dursun, C. Gerth, B. Lautenschlager, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The longitudinal intra-train beam-based feedback has been recommissioned after major upgrades on the synchronization system of the FLASH facility. Those upgrades include: new bunch arrival time monitors (BAMs), the optical synchronization system accommodating the latest European XFEL design based on PM fibers, and installation of a small broadband normal conducting RF cavity. The cavity is located prior to the first bunch compressor at FLASH and allows energy modulation bunch-by-bunch (1 us spacing) on the per mille range. Through the energy dependent path length of the succeeding magnetic chicane the cavity is used for ultimate bunch arrival time corrections. Recently the RF cavity operated 1 kW pulsed solid-state amplifier was successfully commissioned. First tests have been carried out incorporating the fast cavity as actuator together with SRF stations for larger corrections in our intra-train beam-based feedback pushing now arrival time stabilities towards 5 fs (rms). The latest results and observed residual instabilities are presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP011
About •	paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 17 September 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP016	Precise Laser-to-RF Synchronization of Photocathode Lasers	364
	M. Titberidze, M. Felber, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, J. Müller, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	RF photo-injectors are used in various large, mid and small-scale accelerator facilities such as X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), external injection-based laser-driven plasma accelerators (LPAs) and ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) sources. Many of these facilities require a high precision synchronization of the photo-injector laser system, either because of beam dynamics reasons or the photo-injector directly impacting pump-probe experiments carried out to study physical processes on femtosecond timescales. It is thus crucial to achieve synchronization in the order of 10 fs rms or below between the photocathode laser and the RF source driving the RF gun. In this paper, we present the laser-to-RF synchronization setup employed to lock a commercial near-infrared (NIR) photocathode laser oscillator to a 2.998 GHz RF source. Together with the first results achieving ~ 10 fs rms timing jitter in the measurement bandwidth from 10 Hz up to 1 MHz, we describe an advanced synchronization setup as a future upgrade, promising even lower timing jitter and most importantly long-term timing drift stability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP016
About •	paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP019	Concept of a Novel High-Bandwidth Arrival Time Monitor for Very Low Charges as a Part of the All-Optical Synchronization Systems at XFEL and FLASH	368
	A. Penirschke THM, Friedberg, Germany W. Ackermann TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany M.K. Czwalinna, H. Schlarb DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05K19RO1. Numerous advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time resolutions in the order of only a few femtoseconds or better. The generation of these pulses to be used in time-resolved experiments require synchronization techniques that can simultaneously lock all necessary components to a precision in the range of 1 fs only. To improve the experimental conditions at existing facilities and enable future development of seeded FELs, a new all-optical synchronization system at FLASH and XFEL was implemented, which is based on pulsed optical signals rather than electronic RF signals. In collaboration with DESY, Hamburg the all-optical synchronization system is used to ensure a timing stability on the 10 fs scale at XFEL. For a future ultra-low charge operation mode down to 1 pC at XFEL an overall synchronization of (5+1)fs r.m.s. or better is necessary. This contribution presents a new concept for a ultra-wideband pick-up structure for beampipe diameters down to 10 mm for frequencies up to 100 GHz or higher and at the same time providing sufficient output signal for the attached EOMs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP019
About •	paper received ※ 23 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP036	The PolariX-TDS Project: Bead-Pull Measurements and High-Power Test on the Prototype	396
	P. Craievich, M. Bopp, H.-H. Braun, A. Citterio, R. Ganter, T. Kleeb, F. Marcellini, M. Pedrozzi, E. Prat, S. Reiche PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland R.W. Aßmann, F. Christie, R.T.P. D’Arcy, U. Dorda, M. Foese, P. Gonzalez Caminal, M. Hoffmann, M. Hüning, R. Jonas, O. Krebs, S. Lederer, V. Libov, B. Marchetti, D. Marx, J. Osterhoff, M. Reukauff, H. Schlarb, S. Schreiber, G. Tews, M. Vogt, A. Wagner DESY, Hamburg, Germany N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, W.L. Millar, S. Pitman, K.T. Szypula, W. Wuensch, V. del Pozo Romano CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland W.L. Millar Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	A collaboration between DESY, PSI and CERN has been established to develop and build an advanced modular X- band transverse deflection structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force. The prototype of the novel X-band TDS, the Polarizable X-band (PolariX) TDS, was fabricated at PSI following the high-precision tuning-free production process developed for the C-band Linac of the SwissFEL project. Bead-pull RF measurements were also performed at PSI to verify, in particular, that the polarization of the dipole fields does not have any rotation along the structure. The high-power test was performed at CERN and now the TDS is at DESY and has been installed in FLASHForward, where the first streaking experience with beam will be accomplished. We summarize in this paper the status of the project, the results of the bead-pull measurements and the high power test.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP036
About •	paper received ※ 21 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Few-Femtosecond Facility-Wide Synchronization of the European XFEL

318

S. Schulz, M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, M. Fenner, C. Gerth, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, B. Lautenschlager, F. Ludwig, U. Mavrič, J. Müller, S. Pfeiffer, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The first facility-wide evaluation of the optical synchronization system at the European XFEL resulted in excellent arrival time stability of the electron bunches at the end of the 2 km long linac, being measured with two individual adjacent femtosecond-resolution bunch arrival time monitors. While each of the monitors is independently linked by a stabilized optical fiber to a master laser oscillator, with one being installed in the injector area and one in the experimental hall, these two reference lasers are tightly synchronized through another few-km long fiber link. Thus, not only the accelerator performance is being benchmarked, but equally the optical synchronization infrastructure itself. Stability on this level can only be achieved by locking the RF for cavity field control to the optical reference and requires an unprecedented synchronization of the master laser oscillator to the main RF oscillator, enabled by a novel RF/optical phase detector. Finally, with the seeders of the experiment’s optical lasers synchronized to the master laser oscillator, first experiments at two independent scientific instruments proved an X-ray/optical timing jitter of few tens of femtoseconds.

Slides WEB04 [22.142 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEB04

About •

paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP007

Usage of the MicroTCA.4 Electronics Platform for Femtosecond Synchronization Systems

332

M. Felber, E.P. Felber, M. Fenner, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, J. Müller, K.P. Przygoda, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At the European XFEL and FLASH at DESY optical synchronization systems are installed providing sub-10 femtosecond electron bunch arrival time stability and laser oscillator synchronization to carry out time-resolved pump-probe experiments with high precision. The synchronization system supplies critical RF stations with short- and long-term phase-stable reference signals for precise RF field detection and control while bunch arrival times are processed in beam-based feedbacks to further time-stabilize the FEL pulses. Experimental lasers are tightly locked to the optical reference using balanced optical cross-correlation. In this paper, we describe the electronic hardware for supervision and real-time control of the optical synchronization system. It comprises various MicroTCA.4 modules including fast digitizers, FPGA processor boards, and drivers for piezos and stepper-motors. Advantages of the system are the high-level of integration, state-of-the-art performance, flexibility, and remote maintainability.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP007

About •

paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP010

Femtosecond Laser-to-RF Synchronization and RF Reference Distribution at the European XFEL

343

T. Lamb, M. Felber, T. Kozak, J. Müller, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At the European XFEL, optical pulses from a mode-locked laser are distributed in an optical fiber network providing femtosecond stability throughout the accelerator facility. Due to the large number of RF reference clients and because of the expected higher reliability, the 1.3 GHz RF reference signals are distributed by a conventional coaxial RF distribution system. However, the provided ultra-low phase noise 1.3 GHz RF reference signals may drift over time. To remove these drifts, an optical reference module (REFM-OPT) has been developed to detect and correct environmentally induced phase errors of the RF reference. It uses a femtosecond long-term stable laser-to-RF phase detector, based on an integrated Mach-Zehnder amplitude modulator (MZM), to measure and resynchronize the RF phase with respect to the laser pulses from the optical synchronization system with high accuracy. Currently nine REFM-OPTs are permanently operated at the European XFEL, delivering femtosecond stable RF reference signals for critical accelerating field control stations. The operation experience will be reported together with a detailed evaluation of the REFM-OPT performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP010

About •

paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP011

Longitudinal Intra-Train Beam-Based Feedback at FLASH

346

S. Pfeiffer, Ł. Butkowski, M.K. Czwalinna, B. Dursun, C. Gerth, B. Lautenschlager, H. Schlarb, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The longitudinal intra-train beam-based feedback has been recommissioned after major upgrades on the synchronization system of the FLASH facility. Those upgrades include: new bunch arrival time monitors (BAMs), the optical synchronization system accommodating the latest European XFEL design based on PM fibers, and installation of a small broadband normal conducting RF cavity. The cavity is located prior to the first bunch compressor at FLASH and allows energy modulation bunch-by-bunch (1 us spacing) on the per mille range. Through the energy dependent path length of the succeeding magnetic chicane the cavity is used for ultimate bunch arrival time corrections. Recently the RF cavity operated 1 kW pulsed solid-state amplifier was successfully commissioned. First tests have been carried out incorporating the fast cavity as actuator together with SRF stations for larger corrections in our intra-train beam-based feedback pushing now arrival time stabilities towards 5 fs (rms). The latest results and observed residual instabilities are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP011

About •

paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 17 September 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP016

Precise Laser-to-RF Synchronization of Photocathode Lasers

364

M. Titberidze, M. Felber, T. Kozak, T. Lamb, J. Müller, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

RF photo-injectors are used in various large, mid and small-scale accelerator facilities such as X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), external injection-based laser-driven plasma accelerators (LPAs) and ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) sources. Many of these facilities require a high precision synchronization of the photo-injector laser system, either because of beam dynamics reasons or the photo-injector directly impacting pump-probe experiments carried out to study physical processes on femtosecond timescales. It is thus crucial to achieve synchronization in the order of 10 fs rms or below between the photocathode laser and the RF source driving the RF gun. In this paper, we present the laser-to-RF synchronization setup employed to lock a commercial near-infrared (NIR) photocathode laser oscillator to a 2.998 GHz RF source. Together with the first results achieving ~ 10 fs rms timing jitter in the measurement bandwidth from 10 Hz up to 1 MHz, we describe an advanced synchronization setup as a future upgrade, promising even lower timing jitter and most importantly long-term timing drift stability.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP016

About •

paper received ※ 20 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 27 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP019

Concept of a Novel High-Bandwidth Arrival Time Monitor for Very Low Charges as a Part of the All-Optical Synchronization Systems at XFEL and FLASH

368

A. Penirschke
THM, Friedberg, Germany
W. Ackermann
TEMF, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
M.K. Czwalinna, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 05K19RO1.
Numerous advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time resolutions in the order of only a few femtoseconds or better. The generation of these pulses to be used in time-resolved experiments require synchronization techniques that can simultaneously lock all necessary components to a precision in the range of 1 fs only. To improve the experimental conditions at existing facilities and enable future development of seeded FELs, a new all-optical synchronization system at FLASH and XFEL was implemented, which is based on pulsed optical signals rather than electronic RF signals. In collaboration with DESY, Hamburg the all-optical synchronization system is used to ensure a timing stability on the 10 fs scale at XFEL. For a future ultra-low charge operation mode down to 1 pC at XFEL an overall synchronization of (5+1)fs r.m.s. or better is necessary. This contribution presents a new concept for a ultra-wideband pick-up structure for beampipe diameters down to 10 mm for frequencies up to 100 GHz or higher and at the same time providing sufficient output signal for the attached EOMs.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP019

About •

paper received ※ 23 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 28 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP036

The PolariX-TDS Project: Bead-Pull Measurements and High-Power Test on the Prototype

396

P. Craievich, M. Bopp, H.-H. Braun, A. Citterio, R. Ganter, T. Kleeb, F. Marcellini, M. Pedrozzi, E. Prat, S. Reiche
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
R.W. Aßmann, F. Christie, R.T.P. D’Arcy, U. Dorda, M. Foese, P. Gonzalez Caminal, M. Hoffmann, M. Hüning, R. Jonas, O. Krebs, S. Lederer, V. Libov, B. Marchetti, D. Marx, J. Osterhoff, M. Reukauff, H. Schlarb, S. Schreiber, G. Tews, M. Vogt, A. Wagner
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, W.L. Millar, S. Pitman, K.T. Szypula, W. Wuensch, V. del Pozo Romano
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
W.L. Millar
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

A collaboration between DESY, PSI and CERN has been established to develop and build an advanced modular X- band transverse deflection structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force. The prototype of the novel X-band TDS, the Polarizable X-band (PolariX) TDS, was fabricated at PSI following the high-precision tuning-free production process developed for the C-band Linac of the SwissFEL project. Bead-pull RF measurements were also performed at PSI to verify, in particular, that the polarization of the dipole fields does not have any rotation along the structure. The high-power test was performed at CERN and now the TDS is at DESY and has been installed in FLASHForward, where the first streaking experience with beam will be accomplished. We summarize in this paper the status of the project, the results of the bead-pull measurements and the high power test.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FEL2019-WEP036

About •

paper received ※ 21 August 2019 paper accepted ※ 26 August 2019 issue date ※ 05 November 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)