ERL2019 - Classification: WG1: ERL facilities

Paper	Title	Page
MOCOWBS01	CBETA, a 4-turn ERL Based on SRF Linacs: Construction and Commissioning
	G.H. Hoffstaetter Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	A DC-photo-emitter electron source, a high-power SRF injector linac, a high-current SRF linac for energy recovery, and a permanent-magnet return loop have been assembled to the 4-turn SRF ERL. Because of it’s Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient optics, the single return loop accommodates all 4 beam energies in one vacuum pipe. A collaboration between Cornell and Brookhaven National Laboratory has constructed, and is currently commissioning on the Cornell campus this Cornell-BNL-ERL-Test-Accelerator (CBETA). While the electron sourse and SRF linac were prototyped at Cornell, the strong Halbach-type permanent magnets for the FFA return loop were prototyped at BNL, leading to a strong collaboration. The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) has been determined to be the USA’s highest priority new large accelerator for Nuclear Physics by the National Academy of Sciences. It¿s luminosity relies on electron cooling, and only ERLs can provide the cooling parameters. CBETA therefore provides essential R&D for the EIC. The high-brightness beam with 150 MeV and up to 40 mA will have applications beyond EIC cooling and basic accelerator research, in industry, in nuclear physics, and in X-ray science.
	Slides MOCOWBS01 [10.562 MB]
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MOCOWBS02	Compact ERL (cERL), Stable 1 mA Operation with a Small Beam Emittance at KEK
	T. Miyajima KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The compact ERL (cERL) at KEK is a test accelerator to develop ERL technologies for high average beam current operation with high quality beam performance. The cERL consists of a photoinjector, a main linac for energy recovery, a recirculation loop and a beam dump. In order to achieve energy recovery operation with high average beam current, collimator tuning to reduce un-wanted beam loss was very important. After fine beam tuning and collimator tuning, we succeeded in CW operation with 0.9 mA average beam current, and it was very stable in two hours in June 2018. The emittances were measured in the injector and the recirculation loop by waist scan method, and they were close to the design emittance. In order to increase CW beam current to 10 mA, we are preparing the improvement of instrumentations.
	Slides MOCOWBS02 [5.682 MB]
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MOCOXBS02	ERL Operation of S-DALINAC*	1
	M. Arnold, T. Bahlo, M. Dutine, R. Grewe, J.H. Hanten, L.E. Jürgensen, J. Pforr, N. Pietralla, F. Schließmann, M. Steinhorst, S. Weih TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by DFG through GRK 2128 The S-DALINAC is a superconducting electron accelerator operated at TU Darmstadt. It is running in recirculating operation since 1991. An upgrade done in the years 2015/2016 enables to use the S-DALINAC as an energy-recovery linac (ERL) [1]. The lattice is capable of a once- (up to 34 MeV) or twice-recirculating ERL operation (up to 68 MeV). For both modes dedicated beam dynamics simulations have been conducted. An important aspect is the effect of phase slippage and its influence on the quality of the decelerated beam. Furthermore, investigations regarding specialized diagnostic systems are currently ongoing. This is of great importance especially for the twice-recirculating ERL, where two beams of the same energy are transported through the same beam line. The commissioning of the different ERL modes started in 2017 and will be continued during upcoming beam times. This contribution will give an overview on the ERL modes at S-DALINAC. The beam dynamics simulations as well as diagnostics used will be discussed. Results and operational findings of the different ERL runs will be presented. [1] N. Pietralla, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 28, No. 2, (2018) 4.*
	Slides MOCOXBS02 [3.807 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS02
About •	paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 October 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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MOCOXBS03	Status of Novosibirsk ERL	5
	N.A. Vinokurov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	The Novosibirsk ERL is dedicated electron beam source for three free electron lasers operating in the wavelength range 8 - 240 micron at average power up to 0.5 kW and peak power about 1 MW. Radiation users works at 8 user stations performing biological, chemical, physical and medical research. The Novosibirsk ERL is the first and the only four-turn ERL in the world. Its peculiar features include the normal-conductive 180 MHz accelerating system, the DC electron gun with the grid thermionic cathode, three operation modes of the magnetic system, and a rather compact (6×40 m2) design. The facility has been operating for users of terahertz radiation since 2004. The status of the installation and plans are described.
	Slides MOCOXBS03 [6.521 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS03
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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MOCOXBS04	The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project BERLinPro - Status, Plans and Future Opportunities	8
	M. Abo-Bakr, N. Al-Saokal, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, K. Bürkmann-Gehrlein, A. Bundels, A.B. Büchel, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Glöckner, F. Göbel, S. Heling, J.G. Hwang, A. Jankowiak, C. Kalus, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, J. Kolbe, J. Kühn, B.C. Kuske, J. Kuszynski, A.N. Matveenko, M. McAteer, A. Meseck, S. Mistry, R. Müller, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, K. Ott, F. Pflocksch, L. Pichl, J. Rahn, O. Schüler, M. Schuster, Y. Tamashevich, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany H. Huck DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin is constructing the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype BERLinPro, a SRF based demonstration facility for the science and technology of ERLs for future high power, high brilliance electron beam applications. BERLinPro was designed to accelerate a high current (100 mA, 50 MeV), high brilliance (norm. emittance below 1 mm mrad) cw electron beam. Given the recent prioritization of the BESSY II upgrade to the BESSY VSR variable pulse length storage ring, HZB is forced to reduce the project goals of BERLinPro. As a result, the project had to be rescoped with the goal to maximize its scientific impact within the present boundary conditions. We report on the last year’s progress of the building, the warm and cold infrastructure and on the time line, goals nd opportunities for the remaining project run time.
	Slides MOCOXBS04 [13.980 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS04
About •	paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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MOCOXBS05	Status of the MESA ERL Project	14
	F. Hug, K. Aulenbacher, R.G. Heine, D. Simon KPH, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher GSI, Darmstadt, Germany K. Aulenbacher, S. Friederich HIM, Mainz, Germany S. Friederich, P. Heil, R.F.K. Kempf, C. Matejcek IKP, Mainz, Germany
	Funding: This work has been supported by DFG through the PRISMA+ cluster of excellence EXC 2118/2019 and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730871. MESA is a recirculating superconducting accelerator under construction at Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. It can be operated in either external beam or ERL mode and will be used for high precision particle physics experiments. The operating beam current and energy in EB mode is 0.15 mA with polarized electrons at 155 MeV. In ERL mode a polarized beam of 1 mA at 10⁵ MeV will be available. In a later construction stage of MESA the beam current in ERL-mode shall be upgraded to 10 mA (unpolarized). Civil construction and commissioning of components like electron gun, LEBT and SRF modules have been started already. We will give a project overview including the accelerator layout, the current status and an outlook to the next construction and commissioning steps.
	Slides MOCOXBS05 [14.029 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS05
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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MOCOYBS01	PERLE: A High Power Energy Recovery Facility at Orsay
	W. Kaabi Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
	PERLE is a proposed high power Energy Recovery Linac, designed on multi-turn configuration, based on SRF technology, to be hosted at Orsay-France in a collaborative effort between local laboratories: LAL and IPNO, together with an international collaboration involving today: CERN, JLAB, AsTEC Daresbury, Liverpool University and BINP Novosibirsk. A part from its experimental program, PERLE will be a unique leading edge facility designed to push advances in accelerator technology, to provide intense and highly flexible test beams for component development. In its final configuration, PERLE provides a 500 MeV electron beam using high current (20 mA) acceleration during three passes through 801.6 MHz cavities. This presentation outlines the Status and further plans of the project.
	Slides MOCOYBS01 [9.680 MB]
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MOCOZBS04	ERL as a Versatile SRF Test Facility
	E. Jensen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In order to use an ERL as a test facility for SRF equipment, it must have sufficient flexibility built in to allow tests at different acceleration voltages and frequencies. With help of a DC photo-cathode, operation at diverse frequencies is possible even if the injector buncher/booster is operating at a fixed frequency. To this end, the laser should pulse at a subharmonic n of this frequency. Possible test frequencies in the ERL are then any harmonic of this subharmonic, which allows for tests at many frequencies. With n=33, we could reach all usual frequencies up to 1.3 GHz. To reach this flexibility it is equally required to adapt the path length in the ERL by approximately ±λ/2 of the smallest envisaged test frequency, so typically some 50 cm, for example with adjustable girders. For a multi-turn ERL, the fields in the return arc magnets must be individually controllable to allow for different accelerating voltages in the SRF device under test. Once these conditions are satisfied, an ERL allows for tests of SRF equipment with large beam powers but relatively little power consumption.
	Slides MOCOZBS04 [8.227 MB]
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WEPNEC01	Status and Future Perspective of the TRIUMF E-Linac	70
	S.D. Rädel, M. Alcorta, F. Ames, E. Chapman, K. Fong, B. Humphries, O.K. Kester, D. Kishi, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, Y. Ma, T. Planche, M. Rowe, V.A. Verzilov TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The currently installed configuration of TRIUMF’s superconducting electron linac (e-linac) can produce an electron beam up to 30MeV and 10mA. Low beam power commissioning of the segment spanning the electron gun to high energy dump took place in summer 2018 with an attained beam energy of 25MeV. As the driver of the ARIEL project, the e-linac will deliver electrons to a photo-converter target station for the production of neutron-rich rare isotope beams (RIB) via photo fission. The e-linac will have sufficient beam power to support the demands of other user community rare isotope beams. This driver accelerator could server as a production machine for high field THz radiation and as irradiation center. A recirculation of the beam would be beneficial for RIB production at higher beam energy and would allow for high bunch compression to generate THz radiation. Such a system would also allow for the investigation of a high beam intensity energy recovery linac. To this end, TRIUMF is investigating the design of such a recirculation and the beam dynamics as a first step.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-WEPNEC01
About •	paper received ※ 01 October 2019 paper accepted ※ 01 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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FRCOYBS01	Working Group Summary: ERL Facilities	171
	M. Abo-Bakr HZB, Berlin, Germany M. Arnold TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	To be added.
	Slides FRCOYBS01 [4.193 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-FRCOYBS01
About •	paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020
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Paper

Title

Page

MOCOWBS01

CBETA, a 4-turn ERL Based on SRF Linacs: Construction and Commissioning

G.H. Hoffstaetter
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

A DC-photo-emitter electron source, a high-power SRF injector linac, a high-current SRF linac for energy recovery, and a permanent-magnet return loop have been assembled to the 4-turn SRF ERL. Because of it’s Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient optics, the single return loop accommodates all 4 beam energies in one vacuum pipe. A collaboration between Cornell and Brookhaven National Laboratory has constructed, and is currently commissioning on the Cornell campus this Cornell-BNL-ERL-Test-Accelerator (CBETA). While the electron sourse and SRF linac were prototyped at Cornell, the strong Halbach-type permanent magnets for the FFA return loop were prototyped at BNL, leading to a strong collaboration. The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) has been determined to be the USA’s highest priority new large accelerator for Nuclear Physics by the National Academy of Sciences. It¿s luminosity relies on electron cooling, and only ERLs can provide the cooling parameters. CBETA therefore provides essential R&D for the EIC. The high-brightness beam with 150 MeV and up to 40 mA will have applications beyond EIC cooling and basic accelerator research, in industry, in nuclear physics, and in X-ray science.

Slides MOCOWBS01 [10.562 MB]

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MOCOWBS02

Compact ERL (cERL), Stable 1 mA Operation with a Small Beam Emittance at KEK

T. Miyajima
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The compact ERL (cERL) at KEK is a test accelerator to develop ERL technologies for high average beam current operation with high quality beam performance. The cERL consists of a photoinjector, a main linac for energy recovery, a recirculation loop and a beam dump. In order to achieve energy recovery operation with high average beam current, collimator tuning to reduce un-wanted beam loss was very important. After fine beam tuning and collimator tuning, we succeeded in CW operation with 0.9 mA average beam current, and it was very stable in two hours in June 2018. The emittances were measured in the injector and the recirculation loop by waist scan method, and they were close to the design emittance. In order to increase CW beam current to 10 mA, we are preparing the improvement of instrumentations.

Slides MOCOWBS02 [5.682 MB]

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MOCOXBS02

ERL Operation of S-DALINAC*

1

M. Arnold, T. Bahlo, M. Dutine, R. Grewe, J.H. Hanten, L.E. Jürgensen, J. Pforr, N. Pietralla, F. Schließmann, M. Steinhorst, S. Weih
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Funding: *Work supported by DFG through GRK 2128
The S-DALINAC is a superconducting electron accelerator operated at TU Darmstadt. It is running in recirculating operation since 1991. An upgrade done in the years 2015/2016 enables to use the S-DALINAC as an energy-recovery linac (ERL) [1]. The lattice is capable of a once- (up to 34 MeV) or twice-recirculating ERL operation (up to 68 MeV). For both modes dedicated beam dynamics simulations have been conducted. An important aspect is the effect of phase slippage and its influence on the quality of the decelerated beam. Furthermore, investigations regarding specialized diagnostic systems are currently ongoing. This is of great importance especially for the twice-recirculating ERL, where two beams of the same energy are transported through the same beam line. The commissioning of the different ERL modes started in 2017 and will be continued during upcoming beam times. This contribution will give an overview on the ERL modes at S-DALINAC. The beam dynamics simulations as well as diagnostics used will be discussed. Results and operational findings of the different ERL runs will be presented.
[1] N. Pietralla, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 28, No. 2, (2018) 4.

Slides MOCOXBS02 [3.807 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS02

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paper received ※ 15 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 31 October 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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MOCOXBS03

Status of Novosibirsk ERL

5

N.A. Vinokurov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

The Novosibirsk ERL is dedicated electron beam source for three free electron lasers operating in the wavelength range 8 - 240 micron at average power up to 0.5 kW and peak power about 1 MW. Radiation users works at 8 user stations performing biological, chemical, physical and medical research. The Novosibirsk ERL is the first and the only four-turn ERL in the world. Its peculiar features include the normal-conductive 180 MHz accelerating system, the DC electron gun with the grid thermionic cathode, three operation modes of the magnetic system, and a rather compact (6×40 m2) design. The facility has been operating for users of terahertz radiation since 2004. The status of the installation and plans are described.

Slides MOCOXBS03 [6.521 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS03

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paper received ※ 13 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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MOCOXBS04

The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project BERLinPro - Status, Plans and Future Opportunities

8

M. Abo-Bakr, N. Al-Saokal, W. Anders, Y. Bergmann, K. Bürkmann-Gehrlein, A. Bundels, A.B. Büchel, P. Echevarria, A. Frahm, H.-W. Glock, F. Glöckner, F. Göbel, S. Heling, J.G. Hwang, A. Jankowiak, C. Kalus, T. Kamps, G. Klemz, J. Knobloch, J. Kolbe, J. Kühn, B.C. Kuske, J. Kuszynski, A.N. Matveenko, M. McAteer, A. Meseck, S. Mistry, R. Müller, A. Neumann, N. Ohm, K. Ott, F. Pflocksch, L. Pichl, J. Rahn, O. Schüler, M. Schuster, Y. Tamashevich, J. Ullrich, A. Ushakov, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
H. Huck
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

Funding: Work supported by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Land Berlin and grants of Helmholtz Association
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin is constructing the Energy Recovery Linac Prototype BERLinPro, a SRF based demonstration facility for the science and technology of ERLs for future high power, high brilliance electron beam applications. BERLinPro was designed to accelerate a high current (100 mA, 50 MeV), high brilliance (norm. emittance below 1 mm mrad) cw electron beam. Given the recent prioritization of the BESSY II upgrade to the BESSY VSR variable pulse length storage ring, HZB is forced to reduce the project goals of BERLinPro. As a result, the project had to be rescoped with the goal to maximize its scientific impact within the present boundary conditions. We report on the last year’s progress of the building, the warm and cold infrastructure and on the time line, goals nd opportunities for the remaining project run time.

Slides MOCOXBS04 [13.980 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS04

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paper received ※ 16 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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MOCOXBS05

Status of the MESA ERL Project

14

F. Hug, K. Aulenbacher, R.G. Heine, D. Simon
KPH, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, S. Friederich
HIM, Mainz, Germany
S. Friederich, P. Heil, R.F.K. Kempf, C. Matejcek
IKP, Mainz, Germany

Funding: This work has been supported by DFG through the PRISMA+ cluster of excellence EXC 2118/2019 and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 730871.
MESA is a recirculating superconducting accelerator under construction at Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. It can be operated in either external beam or ERL mode and will be used for high precision particle physics experiments. The operating beam current and energy in EB mode is 0.15 mA with polarized electrons at 155 MeV. In ERL mode a polarized beam of 1 mA at 10⁵ MeV will be available. In a later construction stage of MESA the beam current in ERL-mode shall be upgraded to 10 mA (unpolarized). Civil construction and commissioning of components like electron gun, LEBT and SRF modules have been started already. We will give a project overview including the accelerator layout, the current status and an outlook to the next construction and commissioning steps.

Slides MOCOXBS05 [14.029 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-MOCOXBS05

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paper received ※ 14 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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MOCOYBS01

PERLE: A High Power Energy Recovery Facility at Orsay

W. Kaabi
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

PERLE is a proposed high power Energy Recovery Linac, designed on multi-turn configuration, based on SRF technology, to be hosted at Orsay-France in a collaborative effort between local laboratories: LAL and IPNO, together with an international collaboration involving today: CERN, JLAB, AsTEC Daresbury, Liverpool University and BINP Novosibirsk. A part from its experimental program, PERLE will be a unique leading edge facility designed to push advances in accelerator technology, to provide intense and highly flexible test beams for component development. In its final configuration, PERLE provides a 500 MeV electron beam using high current (20 mA) acceleration during three passes through 801.6 MHz cavities. This presentation outlines the Status and further plans of the project.

Slides MOCOYBS01 [9.680 MB]

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MOCOZBS04

ERL as a Versatile SRF Test Facility

E. Jensen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In order to use an ERL as a test facility for SRF equipment, it must have sufficient flexibility built in to allow tests at different acceleration voltages and frequencies. With help of a DC photo-cathode, operation at diverse frequencies is possible even if the injector buncher/booster is operating at a fixed frequency. To this end, the laser should pulse at a subharmonic n of this frequency. Possible test frequencies in the ERL are then any harmonic of this subharmonic, which allows for tests at many frequencies. With n=33, we could reach all usual frequencies up to 1.3 GHz. To reach this flexibility it is equally required to adapt the path length in the ERL by approximately ±λ/2 of the smallest envisaged test frequency, so typically some 50 cm, for example with adjustable girders. For a multi-turn ERL, the fields in the return arc magnets must be individually controllable to allow for different accelerating voltages in the SRF device under test. Once these conditions are satisfied, an ERL allows for tests of SRF equipment with large beam powers but relatively little power consumption.

Slides MOCOZBS04 [8.227 MB]

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WEPNEC01

Status and Future Perspective of the TRIUMF E-Linac

70

S.D. Rädel, M. Alcorta, F. Ames, E. Chapman, K. Fong, B. Humphries, O.K. Kester, D. Kishi, S.R. Koscielniak, R.E. Laxdal, Y. Ma, T. Planche, M. Rowe, V.A. Verzilov
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The currently installed configuration of TRIUMF’s superconducting electron linac (e-linac) can produce an electron beam up to 30MeV and 10mA. Low beam power commissioning of the segment spanning the electron gun to high energy dump took place in summer 2018 with an attained beam energy of 25MeV. As the driver of the ARIEL project, the e-linac will deliver electrons to a photo-converter target station for the production of neutron-rich rare isotope beams (RIB) via photo fission. The e-linac will have sufficient beam power to support the demands of other user community rare isotope beams. This driver accelerator could server as a production machine for high field THz radiation and as irradiation center. A recirculation of the beam would be beneficial for RIB production at higher beam energy and would allow for high bunch compression to generate THz radiation. Such a system would also allow for the investigation of a high beam intensity energy recovery linac. To this end, TRIUMF is investigating the design of such a recirculation and the beam dynamics as a first step.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-WEPNEC01

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paper received ※ 01 October 2019 paper accepted ※ 01 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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FRCOYBS01

Working Group Summary: ERL Facilities

171

M. Abo-Bakr
HZB, Berlin, Germany
M. Arnold
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

To be added.

Slides FRCOYBS01 [4.193 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ERL2019-FRCOYBS01

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paper received ※ 20 September 2019 paper accepted ※ 06 November 2019 issue date ※ 24 June 2020

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