Author: Zhang, H.
Paper Title Page
TUA03 The Use of PSI’s IP2 Beam Line Towards Exotic Radionuclide Development and its Application Towards Proof-Of-Principle Preclinical and Clinical Studies 132
 
  • N.P. van der Meulen, R. Eichler, P.V. Grundler, R. Hasler, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • S. Braccini
    AEC, Bern, Switzerland
 
  Paul Scherrer Institute runs a High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) facility, where a maximum of 100 µA protons is gleaned from high intensity 72 MeV protons from Injector 2, a separated sector cyclotron, into the IP2 target station. These protons irradiate various targets towards the production of exotic radionuclides intended for medical purposes. Many radiometals in use today are for the diagnosis of disease, with the most popular means of detection being Positron Emission Tomography. These positron emitters are easily produced at low proton energies using medical cyclotrons, however, development at these facilities are lacking. The 72 MeV proton beam is degraded at IP2 using niobium to provide the desired energy to irradiate targets to produce the likes of 44Sc, 43Sc, 64Cu and 165Er*,**,***. Once developed, these proofs-of-principle are then put into practice at partner facilities. Target holders and degraders require development to optimize irradiation conditions and target cooling. Various options are explored, with pros and cons taken into consideration based on calculations and simulations.
* v/d Meulen et al., Nucl Med. Biol. (2015) 42: 745
** Domnanich et al., EJNMMI Radiopharm. Chemistry (2017) 2: 14
*** v/d Meulen et al., J Label Compd Radiopharm (2019) doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3730
 
slides icon Slides TUA03 [7.449 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-TUA03  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
WEB04 BDSIM Simulation of the Complete Radionuclide Production Beam Line from Beam Splitter to Target Station at the PSI Cyclotron Facility 275
 
  • H. Zhang, R. Eichler, J. Grillenberger, W. Hirzel, S. Joray, D.C. Kiselev, J.M. Schippers, J. Snuverink, R. Sobbia, A. Sommerhalder, Z. Talip, N.P. van der Meulen
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • L.J. Nevay
    Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • L.J. Nevay
    JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
 
  The beam line for radionuclide production on the PSI Cyclotron Facility starts with an electrostatic beam splitter, which peels protons of a few tens of microampere from a beam around two milliampere. The peeled beam is then guided onto a target station for routine production of a variety of radionuclides [1]. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), a Geant4 based simulation tool, enables the simulation of not only beam transportation through optics elements like dipoles and quadrupoles, but also particle passage through components like collimator and degrader [2-3]. Furthermore, BDSIM facilitates user built elements with accompanying electromagnetic field, which is essential for the modeling of the first element of the beam line, the electrostatic beam splitter. With a model including all elements from beam splitter to target, BDSIM simulation delivers a better specification of the beam along the complete line, for example, beam profile, beam transmission, energy spectrum, as well as power deposit, which is of importance not only for present operation but also for further development.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Olivo and H. W. Reist, Proc. EPAC’88, Rome, Italy, June 1988, pp. 1300-1302.
[2] www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/bdsim
[3] S. Agostinelli, et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A(3) 250-303.
 
slides icon Slides WEB04 [4.761 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2019-WEB04  
About • paper received ※ 13 September 2019       paper accepted ※ 26 September 2019       issue date ※ 20 June 2020  
Export • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)